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KMID : 0604020150300020063
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Korean Journal of Critical Care Medicine
2015 Volume.30 No. 2 p.63 ~ p.72
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Intensive Care Unit Delirium
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Kim Yong-Suk
Hong Sung-Jin
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Abstract
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Delirium is described as a manifestation of acute brain injury and recognized as one of the most common complications in intensivecare unit (ICU) patients. Although the causes of delirium vary widely among patients, delirium increases the risk of longer ICU andhospital length of stay, death, cost of care, and post-ICU cognitive impairment. Prevention and early detection are therefore crucial.However, the clinical approach toward delirium is not sufficiently aggressive, despite the condition’s high incidence and prevalence inthe ICU setting. While the underlying pathophysiology of delirium is not fully understood, many risk factors have been suggested. Asa way to improve delirium-related clinical outcome, high-risk patients can be identified. A valid and reliable bedside screening tool isalso needed to detect the symptoms of delirium early. Delirium is commonly treated with medications, and haloperidol and atypicalantipsychotics are commonly used as standard treatment options for ICU patients although their efficacy and safety have not beenestablished. The approaches for the treatment of delirium should focus on identifying the underlying causes and reducing modifiablerisk factors to promote early mobilization.
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KEYWORD
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critical care, delirium, intensive care units
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